Back cross method in plant breeding pdf merge

Learn more about the uses and methods of plant breeding. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Backcross, the mating of a hybrid organism offspring of genetically unlike parents with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent. Lec 16 methods of breeding introduction and acclimatization 7179. The results showed that the genome coverage of the introgression population constructed using bpp method. First, the merge of the a and b genomes, then the merge. The national association of plant breeders in partnership with the plant breeding and genomics community of practice presents. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with. In pedigree method individual plants are selected from f2 and their progenies are tested in subsequent generations.

Backcrossing is the plant breeding method most widely used to incorporate one or a few genes into an elite or adapted variety. In vegetatively propagated crops like sugarcane and potato this method is rarely used and that too with some modifications. Marker assisted backcrossing for gene introgression in barley. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 4 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing.

The conventional method of backeross breeding allard, 1960 or its mod ification has been. In this method, the parent used for backcrossing has a large number of desirable attributes but lacks a few characteristics. How to fix forward head posture 3 easy exercises from a chiropractor duration. The objective of backcross method is to improve one or two specific defects of a high yielding variety. Pannonian plant biotechnology associati on for phd students in plant biology 9 789638 912954 isbn 9789638912954. In this method, the parent used for backcrossing has a large number of. Backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the genomic background of a recurrent parent. Pdf modified backcross breeding method for rapid conversion of. Nowadays, mabc is being used widely in plant breeding. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation.

The modern method of plant breeding is carried out in the following steps. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Neighborjoining trees were calculated using the nj function in. The backcross method of breeding is commonly used in self and cross pollinated species. Overview and objectives advanced backcross breeding. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. Harlan and pope in 1922 first proposed backcrossing as an appropriate breeding method for cereal crops. Backcross method is the one whose main objective is to incorporate desired gene, either dominant or recessive, to the highly productive, commercially successful variety which lacks that specific gene. The national association of plant breeders in partnership. Pdf selection in backcross programmes researchgate. A cross between f 1 hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross. Since then, backcrossing became a widely accepted breeding. It takes the breeder at least two or three years to derive a backcross line that is the genetic equivalent of the elite line plus the event. Backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents.

Phase 1 the breeder identifies the needs of the farmers and the deficiencies in the current varieties. Backcross is the event of crossing of f 1 with either of the parents, but here in the backcross method of breeding the hybrid is to be crossed with the superior parent whose genotype is to be transferred to the local variety. Dominant gene to transfer this is a breeding scheme to transfer a resistance gene governed by dominant gene in a susceptible variety having recessive gene which is otherwise high. Backcross breeding is a traditional plant breeding method used by modern plant breeding programs. Test cross and backcross are two types of popular crosses in plant breeding. This method of breeding is often used by growers who grow indoors. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics. Test cross happens between a dominant phenotype with the recessive phenotype to determine the genotype of. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. We have dozens of breeding centers worldwide, where we are currently working to introduce the new software application as a tool for optimizing plant breeding. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants. Strategies for selecting crosses using genomic prediction. List reasons why backcross breeding is necessary in developing genetically engineered lines.

Backcross breeding essentially a method for improving an established variety that is deficient in only one or a few characteristics the backcross generations converge on a single genotype only breeding method. Difference between test cross and backcross compare the. Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or self pollinated cross pollinated means that an insect or wind normally carries pollen from one plant to another in order to fertilize it self pollinated means that the plant will pollinate and fertilize itself both types require that you crosstone plan with another in order to. Backcross breeding back cross breeding is a conventional procedure in which a gene of interest particularly of disease resistance is transferred usually from a hardy or wild genotype.

For example, in a particular area there is a welladapted high yielding local variety but susceptible to a particular disease, this variety will be considered as recipient parent. Institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics, university of hohenheim, 70593 stuttgart, germany. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. At the end of bulking period, individual plant selection and evaluation is carried out in the similar fashion as in the pedigree method. Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one. It is a method which can handle segregating generations, in which f 2 and subsequent generations are harvested in bulk to grow the next generation. Back cross and test cross genetics biology by sayan. Combining wide adaptation, desirable agronomic characteristics and malting quality attributes. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and backcross method. Application of dh in plant breeding, genetic and molecular. Backcross breeding a system for incorporating desirable simply inherited traits into an elite line. Article pdf available in indian journal of genetics and plant breeding 7901 january 2019 with 485 reads. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. The theory and application of the backcross technique in cotton.

First, the merge of the a and b genomes, then the merge of this. Part iii plant breeding terms american hosta society. Selection in backcross programmes is used to either improve the genetic value of plant. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. For transferring of quantitative traits, backcross is not an effective method. The plant breeding methods have undergone multiple amendments since it was started from 9000 1 years ago. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp.

The method is used generally to improve the yield and other characters of the variety. For handling the segregating generations the methods generally used are, 1. The aim of this method to produce the new variety which is totally different from the parents bearing superior characters. Improvement of rice crop by markerassisted backcross method. Plant breeding consists of four main phases all of which run concurrently in an established program. The principal feature of the backcross method is the unequal genetic contribution of the. Development and genetic characterization of an advanced. The modified backcross method used is rapid, cost effective and can be. Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines.

Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the early 20th century. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. Pdf backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme. In many ways it is, to the plant breeder, the equivalent of line breeding to the. Convergent cross a convergent cross is another complex breeding method used to combine the. Top 3 methods used in self pollinated crops breeding methods.